How has science developed in Portugal and Spain and how has it influenced the construction of the Iberian nations? The two books reviewed here analyse the subject.

Portugal is in an intermediate situation in relation to the leading countries in environmental innovation, whereas Spain is among the leading countries.

Who invents most: men or women? The proportion in Portugal is one out of every four and in Spain, one out of every fiver. Do they exceed the European average?

Who publishes most: men or women? The percentage of women who publish in the STEM areas in Portugal and Spain is higher than the European average, which reflects how the proportion of women researchers in the academic sector exceeds, in turn, the European average.

Portugal and Spain are situated above the European average in percentage of women researchers in all sectors considered, although the lowest participation corresponds to the business sector and the highest, to the governmental sector.