Dossier
Research and Innovation in Portugal and Spain
October 2022
What are the factors that define a country’s research and innovation system? The eleventh Dossier from the Social Observatory of the ”la Caixa” Foundation analyses the case of Spain and Portugal in international comparison.
Infodata
Scientists and engineers by sex
October 2022
Portugal, together with Denmark, is an exception within the framework of the EU-27 and has percentages of women scientists and engineers that slightly exceed the European average.
Infodata
PhD qualifications by different branches of knowledge and by sex
October 2022
While the participation of female PhD holders in Portugal is situated above the EU‑27 average in all fields of knowledge considered, in Spain the participation of female PhD holders is situated below the European average in the fields of art, humanities and social sciences.