Article
Understanding the rise in online hate speech in Portugal and Spain: a gap between occurrence and reporting
September 2023
Isabel R. Pinto, CPUP Centre for Psychology at the University of Porto; University of Porto; Catarina L. Carvalho, CPUP Centre for Psychology at the University of Porto; University of Porto; Mariana Magalhães, University of Porto; Sara Alves, CPUP Centre for Psychology at the University of Porto; University of Porto; Márcia Bernardo, University of Porto; Paula Lopes, CPUP Centre for Psychology at the University of Porto; University of Porto; Cátia de Carvalho, University of Porto;
Online hate speech, which has serious consequences for individuals and society, is a growing threat to social cohesion and fundamental European values, with a tendency for its consequences to worsen. Combined with the difficulty in controlling and recording these crimes, it is expected that they will continue to increase.