Article
Evolution of science and technology in Portugal and Spain
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1Portugal and Spain have been brought together through their membership in the European Economic Community in a process of economic and scientific convergence.
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2Following a period of sustained growth in R&D intensity in Portugal and Spain, R&D investment stalled following the Great Recession and has only recently resumed.
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3In 2019, Portugal and Spain spent 1.40% and 1.25% of gross domestic product on R&D, respectively, which is still far below the European Union’s 3% target.
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4R&D performed by the business sector is far behind the target of 2% of gross domestic product, standing at 0.73% in Portugal and 0.70% in Spain.
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5Research employment, scientific and technological impact, and societal impact have improved in both countries.
